Amos / Chapter 7

Amos 7

17 verses • Westminster Leningrad Codex

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Amos 7 presents the first three of five visions and the dramatic confrontation between Amos and Amaziah the priest of Bethel. In the first vision (locusts) and second vision (fire), Amos intercedes and God relents. In the third vision (the plumb line), God declares 'I will no longer pass by them' — intercession is no longer possible. The narrative then shifts to the confrontation at Bethel: Amaziah accuses Amos of conspiracy and orders him back to Judah. Amos responds with the famous declaration 'I was no prophet, nor a prophet's son' and delivers a devastating personal oracle against Amaziah.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The three visions follow a dramatic arc: in the first two, Amos successfully intercedes ('Lord GOD, please forgive!') and God relents. But in the third, no intercession is offered — the plumb line reveals that Israel is irredeemably out of true, and God will 'no longer pass by them.' The shift from dialogue to monologue is theologically devastating. The Amaziah confrontation (vv. 10-17) is the only narrative passage in the book and provides crucial context for Amos's prophetic authority. Amos's disclaimer — 'I was no prophet, nor a prophet's son, but a herdsman and a dresser of sycamores' — is not false modesty but a claim to unmediated divine calling, bypassing the prophetic guilds entirely.

Translation Friction

The word anakh ('plumb line') in verse 7-8 is debated. Traditional rendering is 'plumb line' but the word occurs only here and its meaning is uncertain — some scholars suggest 'tin' or 'lead' (a metal used in construction). We retained 'plumb line' as the most contextually coherent reading. Amos's statement 'I was no prophet' (lo navi anokhi) in verse 14 could be past tense ('I was not a prophet [before God called me]') or present tense ('I am not a [professional] prophet'). The Hebrew allows both; we rendered it with past tense to indicate his pre-calling status.

Connections

The vision sequence parallels Jeremiah's call visions (Jeremiah 1:11-14) and Zechariah's night visions (Zechariah 1-6). The plumb line connects to Isaiah 28:17 where God lays justice as a plumb line. Amaziah's charge of 'conspiracy' (qesher) uses the same word as Absalom's revolt (2 Samuel 15:12) and Jehu's coup (2 Kings 9:14). The sycamore-fig dresser detail connects to 1 Kings 10:27 and 2 Chronicles 1:15. The oracle against Amaziah's wife anticipates the sexual violence of conquest.

Amos 7:1

כֹּ֤ה הִרְאַ֙נִי֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְהִנֵּה֙ יוֹצֵ֣ר גֹּבַ֔י בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת עֲל֣וֹת הַלָּ֑קֶשׁ וְהִנֵּה־לֶ֔קֶשׁ אַחַ֖ר גִּזֵּ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃

This is what the Lord GOD showed me: He was forming a swarm of locusts at the time when the late crop was just beginning to grow — the late crop after the king's harvest.

KJV Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me; and, behold, he formed grasshoppers in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; and, lo, it was the latter growth after the king's mowings.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The vision format — 'the Lord GOD showed me' (koh hir'ani) — marks the beginning of the vision cycle that runs through chapter 9. The timing is crucial: the leqesh ('late growth, spring crop') comes after the king has already taken his portion (gizzei ha-melekh, 'the king's mowings/shearings'). The late crop was what the common people depended on — losing it to locusts meant starvation for ordinary farmers while the king's share was already safely collected.
Amos 7:2

וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־כִּלָּה֙ לֶאֱכ֔וֹל אֶת־עֵ֖שֶׂב הָאָ֑רֶץ וָאֹמַ֗ר אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ סְלַֽח־נָ֔א מִ֥י יָק֖וּם יַעֲקֹ֥ב כִּ֥י קָטֹ֖ן הֽוּא׃

When the locusts had finished devouring the vegetation of the land, I said, 'Lord GOD, please forgive! How can Jacob survive? He is so small!'

KJV And it came to pass, that when they had made an end of eating the grass of the land, then I said, O Lord GOD, forgive, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Amos intercedes — the prophet who announced judgment now pleads for mercy. The verb selach ('forgive') is used exclusively of God's forgiveness in the Hebrew Bible. The argument is not Israel's innocence but their smallness (qaton) — they cannot survive what they deserve. 'How can Jacob survive?' (mi yaqum Ya'aqov) literally asks 'who will raise up Jacob?' — the answer is: only God can.
Amos 7:3

נִחַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַל־זֹ֑את לֹ֥א תִהְיֶ֖ה אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃

The LORD relented concerning this. 'It will not happen,' said the LORD.

KJV The LORD repented for this: It shall not be, saith the LORD.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The verb nicham ('relented, was grieved, changed his mind') is one of the most theologically complex words in the Hebrew Bible. When applied to God, it does not imply fickleness but responsiveness — God's character does not change, but his actions respond to human intercession. The English 'repented' (KJV) misleadingly suggests God had sinned; 'relented' captures the change of intended action without implying moral failing.
Amos 7:4

כֹּ֤ה הִרְאַ֙נִי֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה קֹרֵ֛א לָרִ֥ב בָּאֵ֖שׁ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ אֶת־תְּה֣וֹם רַבָּ֔ה וְאָכְלָ֖ה אֶת־הַחֵֽלֶק׃

This is what the Lord GOD showed me: The Lord GOD was calling for judgment by fire, and it consumed the great deep and was devouring the farmland.

KJV Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and, behold, the Lord GOD called to contend by fire, and it devoured the great deep, and did eat up a part.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The second vision escalates from locusts to cosmic fire. The fire devours the tehom rabbah ('great deep') — the primordial waters beneath the earth — before attacking the cheleq ('portion, allotted farmland'). Fire that consumes even the subterranean ocean is an apocalyptic image of total destruction surpassing any natural disaster. The verb qorei ('calling, summoning') depicts God issuing a judicial summons — the fire is not accidental but a legal action.
Amos 7:5

וָאֹמַ֗ר אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ חֲדַל־נָ֔א מִ֥י יָק֖וּם יַעֲקֹ֑ב כִּ֥י קָטֹ֖ן הֽוּא׃

I said, 'Lord GOD, please stop! How can Jacob survive? He is so small!'

KJV Then said I, O Lord GOD, cease, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The second intercession changes one word: instead of selach ('forgive,' v. 2), Amos says chadal ('stop, cease'). The fire vision was so overwhelming that Amos does not even ask for forgiveness — he just begs God to stop. The rest of the plea is identical, maintaining the refrain-like structure of the vision cycle.
Amos 7:6

נִחַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַל־זֹ֑את גַּם־הִיא֙ לֹ֣א תִהְיֶ֔ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃

The LORD relented concerning this. 'This also will not happen,' said the Lord GOD.

KJV The LORD repented for this: This also shall not be, saith the Lord GOD.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Again God relents — gam hi ('this also') notes the pattern: two visions, two intercessions, two acts of divine mercy. The audience expects the pattern to continue. It will not.
Amos 7:7

כֹּ֣ה הִרְאַ֔נִי וְהִנֵּ֧ה אֲדֹנָ֛י נִצָּ֖ב עַל־חוֹמַ֣ת אֲנָ֑ךְ וּבְיָד֖וֹ אֲנָֽךְ׃

This is what he showed me: The Lord was standing beside a wall built with a plumb line, with a plumb line in his hand.

KJV Thus he shewed me: and, behold, the Lord stood upon a wall made by a plumbline, with a plumbline in his hand.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The third vision shifts dramatically. God is no longer sending destruction from a distance but standing (nitsav) personally beside the wall with the measuring instrument in his own hand. The word anakh occurs only in this passage and its precise meaning is debated — 'plumb line' (a weighted cord used to test whether a wall is vertical) is the traditional and contextually best rendering, though 'tin' or 'lead' (the metal weight on the cord) is linguistically possible.
Amos 7:8

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י מָה־אַתָּ֤ה רֹאֶה֙ עָמ֔וֹס וָאֹמַ֖ר אֲנָ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲדֹנָ֗י הִנְנִ֨י שָׂ֤ם אֲנָךְ֙ בְּקֶ֙רֶב֙ עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹא־אוֹסִ֥יף ע֖וֹד עֲב֥וֹר לֽוֹ׃

The LORD said to me, 'What do you see, Amos?' I said, 'A plumb line.' Then the Lord said, 'I am setting a plumb line in the midst of my people Israel. I will no longer pass by them.

KJV And the LORD said unto me, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A plumbline. Then said the Lord, Behold, I will set a plumbline in the midst of my people Israel: I will not again pass by them any more:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. God addresses Amos by name — the only time in the vision cycle. The question 'What do you see?' draws the prophet into participation rather than mere observation. The devastating declaration lo osif od avor lo ('I will no longer pass by them') means God will no longer overlook Israel's moral crookedness. The verb avor ('pass by') echoes the Passover tradition — God once 'passed over' Israel in mercy; now he will stop 'passing by' in judgment. No intercession is offered or invited. The pattern is broken.
Amos 7:9

וְנָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ בָּמ֣וֹת יִשְׂחָ֔ק וּמִקְדְּשֵׁ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ וְקַמְתִּ֛י עַל־בֵּ֥ית יָרָבְעָ֖ם בֶּחָֽרֶב׃

The high places of Isaac will be made desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel will be laid waste. I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword.

KJV And the high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel shall be laid waste; and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The use of 'Isaac' (Yischaq) instead of 'Israel' or 'Jacob' is unusual — it may connect to the patriarchal tradition or may be a wordplay on the verb tsachaq ('laugh'), suggesting the 'laughter' of complacency will become desolation. The mention of 'the house of Jeroboam' names the current dynasty directly — this is the specific threat that triggers Amaziah's political response in the next verse.
Amos 7:10

וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֲמַצְיָה֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל אֶל־יָרָבְעָ֥ם מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר קָשַׁ֨ר עָלֶ֜יךָ עָמ֗וֹס בְּקֶ֙רֶב֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹא־תוּכַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ לְהָכִ֖יל אֶת־כָּל־דְּבָרָֽיו׃

Then Amaziah the priest of Bethel sent word to Jeroboam king of Israel: 'Amos has conspired against you in the very heart of the house of Israel. The land cannot endure all his words.'

KJV Then Amaziah the priest of Bethel sent to Jeroboam king of Israel, saying, Amos hath conspired against thee in the midst of the house of Israel: the land is not able to bear all his words.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The narrative shifts abruptly from vision to confrontation. Amaziah is the chief priest of the royal sanctuary at Bethel — a political-religious appointee, not a Levitical priest. His charge of qesher ('conspiracy') uses the same word applied to actual coups (Absalom in 2 Samuel 15:12, Jehu in 2 Kings 9:14) — he frames Amos's prophecy as treason rather than divine message. The phrase 'the land cannot endure' (lo tukhal ha-arets lehakhil) suggests Amos's words are so destabilizing that the nation itself cannot contain them.
Amos 7:11

כִּי־כֹ֖ה אָמַ֣ר עָמ֑וֹס בַּחֶ֙רֶב֙ יָמ֣וּת יָרָבְעָ֔ם וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל גָּלֹ֥ה יִגְלֶ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃

For this is what Amos has said: 'Jeroboam will die by the sword, and Israel will surely go into exile from its land.'

KJV For thus Amos saith, Jeroboam shall die by the sword, and Israel shall surely be led away captive out of their own land.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Amaziah quotes Amos — but slightly distorts the message. Amos said God would rise against the 'house of Jeroboam' (the dynasty) with the sword (v. 9), not that Jeroboam himself would die by the sword. Jeroboam II actually died a natural death (2 Kings 14:29); it was his son Zechariah who was assassinated (2 Kings 15:8-10). Amaziah's paraphrase sharpens the personal threat to make it sound more treasonous.
Amos 7:12

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲמַצְיָ֜ה אֶל־עָמ֗וֹס חֹזֶה֙ לֵ֤ךְ בְּרַח־לְךָ֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֔ה וֶאֱכָל־שָׁ֣ם לֶ֔חֶם וְשָׁ֖ם תִּנָּבֵֽא׃

Then Amaziah said to Amos, 'Seer! Leave! Flee to the land of Judah. Earn your bread there and prophesy there.

KJV Also Amaziah said unto Amos, O thou seer, go, flee thee away into the land of Judah, and there eat bread, and prophesy there:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Amaziah calls Amos chozeh ('seer') rather than navi ('prophet') — possibly a dismissive term for a visionary or a recognition that Amos operated outside the official prophetic guilds. The command 'flee' (berach) implies danger — Amaziah may be warning Amos that his life is at risk, or simply ordering him to run. The phrase 'eat bread there' (ekhal sham lechem) is an insult — it implies Amos prophesies for money, that prophecy is his bread-winning profession.
Amos 7:13

וּבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל לֹא־תוֹסִ֥יף ע֖וֹד לְהִנָּבֵ֑א כִּ֤י מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ ה֔וּא וּבֵ֥ית מַמְלָכָ֖ה הֽוּא׃

But never again prophesy at Bethel, for it is the king's sanctuary and a royal temple.'

KJV But prophesy not again any more at Bethel: for it is the king's chapel, and it is the king's court.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Amaziah's argument is entirely political: Bethel belongs to the king (miqdash melekh, 'king's sanctuary') and is a beit mamlakhah ('royal house, temple of the kingdom'). He defines the sanctuary by its political patron rather than its divine owner. This is precisely the conflation of religion and power that Amos attacks — Bethel is supposed to be 'House of God' but has become 'House of the King.'
Amos 7:14

וַיַּ֤עַן עָמוֹס֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־אֲמַצְיָ֔ה לֹא־נָבִ֣יא אָנֹ֔כִי וְלֹ֥א בֶן־נָבִ֖יא אָנֹ֑כִי כִּֽי־בוֹקֵ֥ר אָנֹ֖כִי וּבוֹלֵ֥ס שִׁקְמִֽים׃

Amos answered Amaziah: 'I was no prophet, nor was I a prophet's son. I was a herdsman and a dresser of sycamore figs.

KJV Then answered Amos, and said to Amaziah, I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet's son; but I was an herdman, and a gatherer of sycomore fruit:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Amos's response is the most important autobiographical statement by any prophet. Lo navi anokhi ('I was no prophet') — the Hebrew allows either past or present tense. We render past tense because Amos describes his status before God called him. He was not a member of the prophetic guilds (benei ha-nevi'im, 'sons of the prophets') who served as professional religious functionaries. He was a boqer ('herdsman, cattle-breeder') and a boles shiqmim ('dresser of sycamore figs'). The sycamore fig required manual piercing to ripen properly — a low-status agricultural task. Amos claims no institutional authority; his only credential is God's direct call.
Amos 7:15

וַיִּקָּחֵ֣נִי יְהוָ֔ה מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י הַצֹּ֑אן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלַי֙ יְהוָ֔ה לֵ֥ךְ הִנָּבֵ֖א אֶל־עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

The LORD took me from following the flock, and the LORD said to me, "Go, prophesy to my people Israel."

KJV And the LORD took me as I followed the flock, and the LORD said unto me, Go, prophesy unto my people Israel.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The verb yiqqacheni ('took me') implies divine seizure — God did not invite Amos but commandeered him. The phrase me-acharei ha-tson ('from behind the flock') locates the call in the middle of ordinary work — there was no temple vision, no prophetic school, no gradual training. The designation ammi Yisra'el ('my people Israel') is God's own claim — Israel belongs to God, not to Jeroboam, and God sends prophets to his own people regardless of Amaziah's territorial claims.
Amos 7:16

וְעַתָּ֖ה שְׁמַ֣ע דְּבַר־יְהוָ֑ה אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֗ר לֹ֤א תִנָּבֵא֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלֹ֥א תַטִּ֖יף עַל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂחָֽק׃

Now then, hear the word of the LORD. You say, "Do not prophesy against Israel, and do not preach against the house of Isaac."

KJV Now therefore hear thou the word of the LORD: Thou sayest, Prophesy not against Israel, and drop not thy word against the house of Isaac.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Amos turns Amaziah's own words back on him. The verb tattif ('preach, drip, drop') literally means 'to drip' — prophecy drips from the prophet like water or rain. It can be used contemptuously (Micah 2:6, 11) to mean 'stop your dripping/drivel.' Amos quotes Amaziah's prohibition as the setup for the devastating oracle that follows.
Amos 7:17

לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֞ בָּעִ֣יר תִּזְנֶ֗ה וּבָנֶ֤יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפֹּ֔לוּ וְאַדְמָתְךָ֖ בַּחֶ֣בֶל תְּחֻלָּ֑ק וְאַתָּ֗ה עַל־אֲדָמָ֤ה טְמֵאָה֙ תָּמ֔וּת וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל גָּלֹ֥ה יִגְלֶ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃

Therefore this is what the LORD says: Your wife will become a prostitute in the city. Your sons and daughters will fall by the sword. Your land will be measured out and divided. You yourself will die on unclean soil. And Israel will surely go into exile from its land.

KJV Therefore thus saith the LORD; Thy wife shall be an harlot in the city, and thy sons and thy daughters shall fall by the sword, and thy land shall be divided by line; and thou shalt die in a polluted land: and Israel shall surely go into captivity forth of his land.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The oracle against Amaziah is systematically devastating — it strikes every dimension of his life: his wife (sexual humiliation during conquest), his children (killed), his land (confiscated), his person (dying in exile on 'unclean' gentile soil — the worst fate for a priest whose identity depends on ritual purity), and his nation (exiled). The verb tizneh ('will become a prostitute') likely refers to the sexual violence that accompanied ancient conquest rather than voluntary prostitution — Amaziah's wife will be sexually violated by invading soldiers.
  2. The final statement — 'Israel will surely go into exile from its land' — repeats exactly what Amaziah accused Amos of saying (v. 11), confirming it as God's own word.
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