What This Chapter Is About
We arrive at one of the great turning points in all of Scripture. After thirty-nine chapters of judgment, warning, and exile-foretelling, the prophet's voice shifts dramatically to consolation. God commands that His people be comforted — their warfare is ended, their iniquity pardoned. A voice cries out to prepare the way of the LORD in the wilderness. The chapter sweeps from the frailty of humanity ('all flesh is grass') to the immeasurable greatness of God who weighs mountains in scales and sits above the circle of the earth, reducing princes to nothing. It culminates in the promise that those who wait on the LORD will renew their strength and mount up with wings like eagles.
What Makes This Chapter Remarkable
Verse 3 is quoted in all four Gospels as fulfilled in John the Baptist — a rare four-Gospel convergence. The phrase 'Comfort, comfort my people' uses the doubled imperative (nachamú, nachamú), a hallmark of prophetic urgency. The closing image of eagles' wings (v.31) has become one of the most beloved promises in the Bible. The cosmological language of vv.12-26 anticipates the divine speeches in Job.
Translation Friction
The KJV's 'comfort ye, comfort ye' preserves the Hebrew doubling but sounds archaic. We retain the doubled imperative as 'Comfort, comfort' for its rhetorical force. The Hebrew chug ha'aretz (v.22, circle of the earth) has generated much discussion; we render it straightforwardly. The shift from plural imperatives (vv.1-2) to a singular voice (v.3) to the prophet's own voice (v.6) creates a dramatic polyphony we preserve through line breaks.
Connections
Verse 3 is cited in Matthew 3:3, Mark 1:3, Luke 3:4-6, and John 1:23. 'All flesh is grass' echoes in 1 Peter 1:24-25. The incomparability of God (vv.18-26) parallels Romans 11:33-36. 'Wings like eagles' recalls Exodus 19:4 and Deuteronomy 32:11. The chapter inaugurates the 'Book of Consolation' (chs. 40-66) and forms the theological foundation for the Servant Songs to follow.
**Tradition comparisons:** The Dead Sea Scrolls (1QIsaiah-a) preserve this chapter with notable variants: Verse 3: the syntactic division of 'a voice crying in the wilderness' versus 'a voice crying: In the wilderness prepare' is preserved identically in both MT and 1QIsaiah-a, but the scroll adds a paragraph break after 'wilderness,' supporting the Synoptic reading. Verse 6: the scroll reads 'and he.... See the [DSS Isaiah comparison](/dss-isaiah/40). Targum Jonathan provides interpretive renderings: Jonathan preserves the herald's cry with 'before the LORD' (qodam Adonai) replacing 'of the LORD.' The targum reads 'in the wilderness' with the voice (as do the Gospels), not with 'prepare.' (2 notable renderings in this chapter) See [Targum Jonathan on Isaiah](/targum/isaiah). The Latin Vulgate shaped Western theology here: Vox clamantis in deserto became one of the most famous Latin phrases from the Bible, applied to John the Baptist (John 1:23). It is Dartmouth College's motto. The phrase placement — 'a voice crying in... See the [Vulgate Isaiah](/vulgate/isaiah).