Ezekiel / Chapter 5

Ezekiel 5

17 verses • Westminster Leningrad Codex

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Ezekiel 5 moves from symbolic action to devastating oracle. God commands Ezekiel to shave his head and beard — an act of profound humiliation for a priest — and divide the hair into three portions representing Jerusalem's fate: a third burned, a third struck with a sword, a third scattered to the wind. A small remnant is tucked into the folds of his garment, but even some of those are thrown into fire. The oracle that follows explains the sign: Jerusalem has rebelled worse than the surrounding nations, and God will execute unprecedented judgment — including the horror of parents eating children and children eating parents.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The shaving of the head is especially significant given Ezekiel's priestly identity. Leviticus 21:5 explicitly forbids priests from shaving their heads, making this commanded act a deliberate violation of priestly holiness law — God orders his priest to defile himself as a sign that the entire priestly order and the Temple itself are already defiled beyond recovery. The three-part division of the hair systematically accounts for the entire population of Jerusalem: death by plague and famine inside the walls, death by sword outside, and scattering among the nations. The phrase 'I myself am against you' (v. 8) reverses the covenant promise 'I will be your God' — the covenant protector becomes the covenant enforcer. The cannibalism oracle (v. 10) echoes the covenant curses of Deuteronomy 28:53-57 and Leviticus 26:29, confirming that what befalls Jerusalem is not random catastrophe but the execution of sworn covenant penalties.

Translation Friction

The Hebrew ta'ar haggallabim (v. 1) specifies a 'barber's razor,' and we preserved this specificity rather than generalizing to 'sharp blade.' The verb shiqtsets (v. 11) carries intense priestly revulsion — it is not merely 'defiled' but 'made utterly detestable,' and we rendered it accordingly. The phrase 'I will diminish you' in verse 11 uses the Hebrew egra, from the root g-r-a meaning 'to reduce, to withdraw,' which we rendered as 'I will cut you down' to capture the aggressive divine action. The small remnant tucked into the garment (v. 3) uses the word kanaf ('wing, corner, fold'), referring to the corner of the prophetic robe — a fragile image of preservation that is immediately undercut when even those hairs are burned (v. 4).

Connections

The covenant-curse language connects directly to Leviticus 26:27-33 and Deuteronomy 28:53-57. The cannibalism prediction is fulfilled in Lamentations 2:20 and 4:10 during the fall of Jerusalem in 586 BCE. The scattering motif connects to the broader exile theology running through Ezekiel 1-24. The threefold division of judgment (plague, sword, scattering) becomes a recurring formula throughout Ezekiel (6:11-12, 7:15, 12:14-16). The priestly shaving prohibition violated here (Leviticus 21:5) is later restored in the new Temple ordinances (Ezekiel 44:20), signaling the full arc from defilement to restoration.

Ezekiel 5:1

וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם קַח־לְךָ֤ חֶ֙רֶב֙ חַדָּ֔ה תַּ֥עַר הַגַּלָּבִ֖ים תִּקָּחֶ֣נָּה לָּ֑ךְ וְהַעֲבַרְתָּ֤ עַל־רֹאשְׁךָ֙ וְעַל־זְקָנֶ֔ךָ וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ לְךָ֛ מֹאזְנֵ֥י מִשְׁקָ֖ל וְחִלַּקְתָּ֥ם׃

And you, son of man — take a sharp sword. Use it as a barber's razor and pass it over your head and your beard. Then take scales for weighing and divide the hair into portions.

KJV And thou, son of man, take thee a sharp knife, take thee a barber's razor, and cause it to pass upon thine head and upon thy beard: then take thee balances to weigh, and divide the hair.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

בֶן־אָדָם ben adam
"son of man" — son of man, mortal, human being

God's characteristic address to Ezekiel, emphasizing his mortality and the vast distance between the human prophet and the divine glory. Used approximately 93 times in Ezekiel.

Translator Notes

  1. The Hebrew cherev chaddah ('sharp sword') is specified first, then clarified as ta'ar haggallabim ('barber's razor') — Ezekiel is to use a weapon of war as a grooming instrument, blurring the boundary between military violence and personal defilement. For a Zadokite priest, shaving the head and beard violated Leviticus 21:5, making this a commanded act of priestly self-defilement.
  2. The scales (mo'zenei mishqal) indicate precise, measured portions — this is not haphazard but judicial. God weighs the fate of Jerusalem with the same precision a merchant weighs goods.
Ezekiel 5:2

שְׁלִשִׁ֗ית בָּא֤וּר תַּבְעִיר֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֔יר כִּמְלֹ֖את יְמֵ֣י הַמָּצ֑וֹר וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ אֶת־הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֗ית תַּכֶּ֤ה בַחֶ֙רֶב֙ סְבִ֣יבוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖ית תִּזְרֶ֣ה לָר֔וּחַ וְחֶ֖רֶב אָרִ֥יק אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃

A third you will burn in fire at the center of the city when the days of the siege are completed. Take another third and strike it with the sword all around the city. And the final third you will scatter to the wind — and I will unsheathe a sword to pursue them.

KJV Thou shalt burn with fire a third part in the midst of the city, when the days of the siege are fulfilled: and thou shalt take a third part, and smite about it with a knife: and a third part thou shalt scatter in the wind; and I will draw out a sword after them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The three portions correspond to the three fates of Jerusalem's population: death by famine and plague inside the siege (burning), death by enemy sword during the fall (striking), and exile and pursuit among the nations (scattering). The verb ariq ('I will unsheathe, draw out') indicates that even those scattered will not escape — God himself draws the pursuing sword.
  2. The phrase 'when the days of the siege are completed' (kimlo't yemei hamatzor) connects this sign-act back to the siege model of chapter 4, making chapters 4-5 a continuous sequence of prophetic theater.
Ezekiel 5:3

וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ מִשָּׁ֖ם מְעַ֣ט בְּמִסְפָּ֑ר וְצַרְתָּ֥ אוֹתָ֖ם בִּכְנָפֶֽיךָ׃

Then take a few hairs from them — a small number — and bind them in the folds of your robe.

KJV Thou shalt also take thereof a few in number, and bind them in thy skirts.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The word kanaf ('wing, corner, fold') refers to the corner or edge of the garment. The small number of hairs tucked into the robe represents a tiny remnant preserved from destruction. The image is fragile and intimate — a few strands of hair held close to the body, suggesting God's personal preservation of a remnant. But this hope is immediately undercut in the next verse.
Ezekiel 5:4

וּמֵהֶם֙ ע֣וֹד תִּקָּ֔ח וְהִשְׁלַכְתָּ֥ אוֹתָ֖ם אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ וְשָׂרַפְתָּ֤ אֹתָם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ מִמֶּ֕נּוּ תֵצֵ֣א אֵ֔שׁ אֶל־כָּל־בֵּ֖ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

And from those, take some more and throw them into the fire and burn them. From that fire, a blaze will spread to the entire house of Israel.

KJV Then take of them again, and cast them into the midst of the fire, and burn them in the fire; for thereof shall a fire come forth into all the house of Israel.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Even the preserved remnant is not fully safe — some of the hairs tucked into the garment are pulled back out and burned. The theological implication is devastating: even the survivors will not all survive. The fire that consumes the remnant then spreads to 'the entire house of Israel,' indicating that Jerusalem's judgment radiates outward to affect the whole nation.
Ezekiel 5:5

כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה זֹ֖את יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם בְּת֤וֹךְ הַגּוֹיִם֙ שַׂמְתִּ֔יהָ וּסְבִיבוֹתֶ֖יהָ אֲרָצֽוֹת׃

This is what the Lord GOD says: This is Jerusalem. I placed her at the center of the nations, with lands all around her.

KJV Thus saith the Lord GOD; This is Jerusalem: I have set it in the midst of the nations and countries that are round about her.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The oracle now interprets the sign-act. Jerusalem's central position (betokh haggoyim, 'in the midst of the nations') was intended as a position of privilege and witness — she was to be a model of covenant faithfulness visible to all surrounding peoples. The phrase echoes ancient Near Eastern cosmography where the holy city stands at the navel of the earth.
Ezekiel 5:6

וַתֶּ֤מֶר אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַי֙ לְרִשְׁעָ֔ה מִן־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם וְאֶת־חֻקּוֹתַ֣י מִן־הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיבוֹתֶ֔יהָ כִּ֤י בְמִשְׁפָּטַי֙ מָאָ֔סוּ וְחֻקּוֹתַ֖י לֹא־הָלְכ֥וּ בָהֶֽם׃

But she rebelled against my ordinances with greater wickedness than the nations, and against my statutes more than the lands surrounding her — for they rejected my ordinances and did not walk according to my statutes.

KJV And she hath changed my judgments into wickedness more than the nations, and my statutes more than the countries that are round about her: for they have refused my judgments, and my statutes, they have not walked in them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The verb tamor (from marah, 'to rebel, to be contentious') is stronger than simple disobedience — it conveys active defiance. The comparison is devastating: Jerusalem is not merely as bad as the pagan nations but worse. The nations at least follow their own codes; Jerusalem has violated the superior covenant she received. The distinction between mishpatim ('ordinances, judgments') and chuqqot ('statutes, decrees') preserves the legal categories of the covenant — both procedural justice and fixed divine requirements have been spurned.
Ezekiel 5:7

לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֤עַן הֲמָנְכֶם֙ מִן־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם בְּחֻקּוֹתַי֙ לֹ֣א הֲלַכְתֶּ֔ם וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֖י לֹ֣א עֲשִׂיתֶ֑ם וּכְמִשְׁפְּטֵ֧י הַגּוֹיִ֛ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר סְבִיבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם לֹ֥א עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃

Therefore, this is what the Lord GOD says: Because you have been more turbulent than the nations surrounding you — you have not walked according to my statutes, you have not carried out my ordinances, and you have not even lived by the standards of the nations around you —

KJV Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because ye multiplied more than the nations that are round about you, and have not walked in my statutes, neither have kept my judgments, neither have done according to the judgments of the nations that are round about you;

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The word hamonkhem is debated. It may derive from hamah ('to be turbulent, to rage') or from hamon ('multitude, commotion'). We rendered 'more turbulent' to capture the sense of chaotic rebellion rather than simply 'multiplied.' The final clause intensifies the indictment: Jerusalem has not only failed God's standards but has not even met the pagan nations' standards — she is worse than those who never received the covenant.
Ezekiel 5:8

לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י עָלַ֖יִךְ גַּם־אָ֑נִי וְעָשִׂ֤יתִי בְתוֹכֵךְ֙ מִשְׁפָּטִ֔ים לְעֵינֵ֖י הַגּוֹיִֽם׃

Therefore, this is what the Lord GOD says: I myself — yes, I — am against you, and I will execute judgments in your midst in the sight of the nations.

KJV Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I, even I, am against thee, and will execute judgments in the midst of thee in the sight of the nations.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The emphatic gam ani ('even I, I myself') stresses that this is not a withdrawal of protection but an active divine assault. God is not merely allowing enemies to attack — he is personally leading the prosecution. The phrase le'einei haggoyim ('in the sight of the nations') means the judgment is deliberately public, serving as a warning to surrounding peoples.
Ezekiel 5:9

וְעָשִׂ֣יתִי בָ֔ךְ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹא־עָשִׂ֑יתִי וְאֵת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה כָמֹ֔הוּ ע֖וֹד יַ֥עַן כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָֽיִךְ׃

I will do to you what I have never done before and will never do again — all because of your detestable practices.

KJV And I will do in thee that which I have not done, and whereunto I will not do any more the like, because of all thine abominations.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

תּוֹעֲבֹת to'avot
"detestable practices" — abomination, detestable thing, that which causes revulsion, ritual defilement

The priestly term for what defiles sacred space and provokes divine withdrawal. Extremely frequent in Ezekiel — it is the word that drives the judgment oracles throughout chapters 5-24.

Translator Notes

  1. The uniqueness formula — 'what I have never done and will never do again' — elevates Jerusalem's judgment above all others in history. The word to'avotayikh ('your detestable things, your abominations') is the priestly term for practices that defile the land and make God's presence impossible. Ezekiel the priest sees idolatry not merely as disobedience but as contamination.
Ezekiel 5:10

לָכֵ֗ן אָב֞וֹת יֹאכְל֤וּ בָנִים֙ בְּתוֹכֵ֔ךְ וּבָנִ֖ים יֹאכְל֣וּ אֲבוֹתָ֑ם וְעָשִׂ֤יתִי בָךְ֙ שְׁפָטִ֔ים וְזֵרִיתִ֥י אֶת־כָּל־שְׁאֵרִיתֵ֖ךְ לְכָל־רֽוּחַ׃

Therefore parents will eat their children in your midst, and children will eat their parents. I will execute judgments against you, and I will scatter all your survivors to every wind.

KJV Therefore the fathers shall eat the sons in the midst of thee, and the sons shall eat their fathers; and I will execute judgments in thee, and the whole remnant of thee will I scatter into all the winds.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The cannibalism oracle is stated with horrifying symmetry — parents eating children, children eating parents. This is not prophetic hyperbole; it is the direct fulfillment of the covenant curses sworn at Sinai (Leviticus 26:29, Deuteronomy 28:53-57). Lamentations 2:20 and 4:10 confirm that this actually occurred during the Babylonian siege. The word she'erit ('remnant, survivors') — usually a term of hope in prophetic literature — here becomes a term of further scattering.
Ezekiel 5:11

לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אִם־לֹ֗א יַ֤עַן אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁי֙ טִמֵּ֔את בְּכָל־שִׁקּוּצַ֖יִךְ וּבְכָל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָ֑יִךְ וְגַם־אֲנִ֣י אֶגְרַ֗ע וְלֹא־תָח֥וֹס עֵינִ֛י וְגַם־אֲנִ֖י לֹ֥א אֶחְמֽוֹל׃

Therefore, as I live — declares the Lord GOD — because you defiled my sanctuary with all your vile images and all your detestable practices, I myself will cut you down. My eye will not spare, and I will show no compassion.

KJV Wherefore, as I live, saith the Lord GOD; Surely, because thou hast defiled my sanctuary with all thy detestable things, and with all thine abominations, therefore will I also diminish thee; neither shall mine eye spare, neither will I have any pity.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

שִׁקּוּצִים shiqqutsim
"vile images" — detestable things, abominable idols, loathsome objects

A priestly term of intense disgust specifically applied to idolatrous images. Distinguished from to'evah in that shiqquts refers to the physical objects of worship, while to'evah encompasses the broader practices.

Translator Notes

  1. The oath formula chai ani ('as I live') is God swearing by his own life — the most solemn oath possible, since there is no one greater to swear by. The word shiqquts ('vile image, detestable idol') is distinct from to'evah — shiqquts refers specifically to idolatrous objects, while to'evah covers the broader category of defiling practices. Together they form a comprehensive indictment: both the idols themselves and the rituals surrounding them have contaminated the sanctuary.
  2. The verb egra ('I will cut down, diminish') from the root g-r-a carries a sense of shearing or reducing — fitting imagery given the hair-shaving sign-act that introduced this oracle.
Ezekiel 5:12

שְׁלִשִׁתַ֗יִךְ בַּדֶּ֤בֶר יָמ֙וּתוּ֙ וּבָרָעָ֣ב יִכְל֣וּ בְתוֹכֵ֔ךְ וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֕ית בַּחֶ֖רֶב יִפְּל֣וּ סְבִיבוֹתָ֑יִךְ וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁית֙ לְכָל־ר֣וּחַ אֱזָרֶ֔ה וְחֶ֖רֶב אָרִ֥יק אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃

A third of your people will die by plague and be consumed by famine within you. A third will fall by the sword all around you. And a third I will scatter to every wind, and I will unsheathe a sword to pursue them.

KJV A third part of thee shall die with the pestilence, and with famine shall they be consumed in the midst of thee: and a third part shall fall by the sword round about thee; and I will scatter a third part into all the winds, and I will draw out a sword after them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. This verse decodes the three portions of hair from verses 1-2. The triad of dever ('plague'), ra'av ('famine'), and cherev ('sword') becomes a recurring formula throughout Ezekiel's judgment oracles (6:11-12, 7:15, 12:16, 14:21). The verb ariq ('I will unsheathe') repeats from verse 2, reinforcing that even exile does not mean escape — God's sword pursues the scattered.
Ezekiel 5:13

וְכָלָ֣ה אַפִּ֗י וַהֲנִחוֹתִ֧י חֲמָתִ֛י בָּ֖ם וְהִנֶּחָ֑מְתִּי וְיָדְע֗וּ כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ דִּבַּ֣רְתִּי בְקִנְאָתִ֔י בְּכַלּוֹתִ֥י חֲמָתִ֖י בָּֽם׃

My anger will be spent, and I will satisfy my fury against them, and I will be appeased. Then they will know that I, the LORD, have spoken in my jealous passion when I have exhausted my fury against them.

KJV Thus shall mine anger be accomplished, and I will cause my fury to rest upon them, and I will be comforted: and they shall know that I the LORD have spoken it in my zeal, when I have accomplished my fury in them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The verb vehinechamti ('I will be appeased, comforted') is striking — it uses the same root as 'comfort' (n-ch-m) but here conveys divine satisfaction after justice is executed. The word qin'ah ('jealousy, zeal, passionate ardor') frames God's wrath as the response of a betrayed covenant partner, not arbitrary rage. A husband's jealousy over an unfaithful wife is the operative metaphor — God's fury is relational, not impersonal.
Ezekiel 5:14

וְאֶתְּנֵ֤ךְ לְחָרְבָּה֙ וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה בַּגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיבוֹתָ֑יִךְ לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־עוֹבֵֽר׃

I will make you a ruin and an object of scorn among the nations surrounding you, in full view of everyone who passes by.

KJV Moreover I will make thee waste, and a reproach among the nations that are round about thee, in the sight of all that pass by.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The word chorbah ('ruin, desolation') describes not just destruction but permanent devastation — a site that remains visibly destroyed. The word cherpah ('reproach, scorn, disgrace') adds social humiliation to physical ruin. Jerusalem was meant to be a city that inspired awe (Psalm 48:2-3); now she will inspire contempt.
Ezekiel 5:15

וְהָיְתָ֤ה חֶרְפָּה֙ וּגְדוּפָ֔ה מוּסָ֖ר וּמְשַׁמָּ֑ה לַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיבוֹתָ֑יִךְ בַּעֲשׂוֹתִ֨י בָ֜ךְ שְׁפָטִ֗ים בְּאַ֤ף וּבְחֵמָה֙ וּבְתֹכְח֣וֹת חֵמָ֔ה אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃

You will become an object of scorn and mockery, a warning and a horror to the nations surrounding you, when I execute judgments against you in anger, in fury, and in furious rebukes. I, the LORD, have spoken.

KJV So it shall be a reproach and a taunt, an instruction and an astonishment unto the nations that are round about thee, when I shall execute judgments in thee in anger and in fury and in furious rebukes. I the LORD have spoken it.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Four terms pile up to describe Jerusalem's future status among the nations: cherpah ('scorn'), gedufah ('mockery, taunting'), musar ('warning, discipline, instruction'), and meshammah ('horror, desolation that causes shuddering'). The sequence moves from social disgrace to existential dread. The closing formula ani YHWH dibbarti ('I, the LORD, have spoken') seals the oracle with divine authority — what is decreed will be accomplished.
Ezekiel 5:16

בְּשַׁלְּחִ֗י אֶת־חִצֵּ֨י הָרָעָ֤ב הָֽרָעִים֙ בָּהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ לְמַשְׁחִ֑ית אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשַׁלַּח֙ אוֹתָ֔ם לְשַׁחֶתְכֶ֖ם וְרָעָ֗ב אֲסַ֤ף עֲלֵיכֶם֙ וְשָׁבַרְתִּ֣י לָכֶ֔ם מַטֵּה־לָֽחֶם׃

When I send against you the deadly arrows of famine — arrows meant for destruction — which I will send to destroy you, and when I heap famine upon you and shatter your supply of bread,

KJV When I shall send upon them the evil arrows of famine, which shall be for their destruction, and which I will send to destroy you: and I will increase the famine upon you, and will break your staff of bread:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The metaphor of famine as 'arrows' (chitzei hara'av) personifies hunger as a weapon deliberately aimed by God. The phrase matteh lechem ('staff of bread') is an idiom for the supply of food that sustains life — as a staff supports a walker, bread supports survival. 'Shattering the staff of bread' means destroying the entire food supply, leaving the city without any means of sustenance (cf. Ezekiel 4:16, 14:13, Leviticus 26:26).
Ezekiel 5:17

וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם רָעָ֣ב וְחַיָּ֤ה רָעָה֙ וְשִׁכְּל֔וּךְ וְדֶ֥בֶר וָדָ֖ם יַעֲבָר־בָּ֑ךְ וְחֶ֙רֶב֙ אָבִ֣יא עָלַ֔יִךְ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃

I will send against you famine and savage beasts, and they will leave you childless. Plague and bloodshed will sweep through you, and I will bring the sword against you. I, the LORD, have spoken.

KJV So will I send upon you famine and evil beasts, and they shall bereave thee; and pestilence and blood shall pass through thee; and I will bring the sword upon thee. I the LORD have spoken it.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The fourfold judgment — famine, savage beasts, plague, and sword — matches the covenant curses of Leviticus 26:22-26. The verb veshikkelukh ('they will bereave you, leave you childless') from the root sh-k-l carries the specific grief of losing children — the wild animals will kill the young. The phrase dever vadam ('plague and blood') pairs disease with violent death. The closing formula ani YHWH dibbarti seals the chapter as it sealed verse 15, creating a bracket of divine authority around the entire judgment oracle.
Chapter 4 Report an error Ezekiel index Chapter 6