2 Kings / Chapter 1

2 Kings 1

18 verses • Westminster Leningrad Codex

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

After Ahab's death, Moab rebels against Israel. Ahaziah son of Ahab falls through a lattice in his upper room in Samaria and is injured. He sends messengers to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether he will recover. The angel of the LORD sends the prophet Elijah to intercept the messengers with a devastating question: 'Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are sending to inquire of Baal-zebub?' Elijah pronounces that Ahaziah will not leave his bed but will certainly die. The messengers return and report the encounter. Ahaziah recognizes the description as Elijah and sends a captain with fifty soldiers to seize the prophet. Elijah is sitting on top of a hill. The captain commands him to come down, calling him 'man of God.' Elijah responds: 'If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty.' Fire falls and destroys them. A second captain and fifty are sent with the same result. A third captain comes but falls on his knees and begs for his life. The angel of the LORD tells Elijah to go down with him without fear. Elijah accompanies the third captain to the king and delivers the death sentence face to face. Ahaziah dies according to the word of the LORD, and Jehoram his brother succeeds him because Ahaziah has no son.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The chapter draws a sharp line between the God of Israel and the gods of the nations. Ahaziah's decision to consult Baal-zebub rather than the LORD is not merely a religious preference but a political statement — the king of Israel is treating a Philistine deity as more reliable than Israel's covenant God. The repeated question 'Is it because there is no God in Israel?' (appearing three times in the chapter) is one of the most cutting rhetorical devices in Kings. Each repetition intensifies the indictment: the king's behavior implies that the LORD does not exist or is powerless. The fire from heaven connects Elijah to the Carmel confrontation (1 Kings 18) — fire already settled the question of which deity is real, yet Ahaziah acts as if that contest never happened. The three captains create a pattern of escalating crisis: the first two approach with military arrogance and are destroyed; the third approaches with humility and lives. The pattern teaches that the power of God cannot be commanded by royal authority.

Translation Friction

The destruction of two groups of fifty soldiers raises moral questions about proportional response — these soldiers were following orders, not personally guilty of idolatry. Some interpreters note that the fire from heaven is a response to the captains' presumptuous command ('come down') rather than to their mere presence. The third captain's survival because of his humility suggests the judgment is directed at the arrogance of approaching God's prophet as a criminal to be arrested rather than as a messenger to be heard. The name 'Baal-zebub' (lord of flies) is likely a Hebrew mockery of 'Baal-zebul' (lord of the exalted dwelling / Baal the prince). The transition between 1 Kings and 2 Kings is artificial — the chapter division was imposed centuries later — and this chapter continues the Ahaziah notice that began in 1 Kings 22:51-53.

Connections

The fire from heaven connects backward to 1 Kings 18:38 (fire on Carmel) and forward to Luke 9:54 where James and John ask Jesus if they should call fire from heaven on a Samaritan village — Jesus rebukes them, marking a new-covenant reorientation. The inquiry of foreign gods echoes Saul's visit to the medium at Endor (1 Samuel 28), where a king in crisis bypasses the LORD and consults another spiritual source. Ahaziah's death without a son creates a succession crisis that transfers power to his brother Jehoram, connecting the Omride dynasty's decline to its persistent rejection of the LORD. The lattice fall in the upper room is a small but symbolically loaded detail — the king who reached upward toward Baal falls downward through his own floor.

2 Kings 1:1

וַיִּפְשַׁ֤ע מוֹאָב֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַחֲרֵ֖י מ֥וֹת אַחְאָֽב׃

After Ahab died, Moab broke away from its subjection to Israel.

KJV Then Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The verb va-yifsha ('he rebelled, transgressed') signals a political break: Moab had been a vassal state paying tribute to Israel, and Ahab's death opened a power vacuum. The Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone) corroborates this rebellion from the Moabite perspective. This verse sets the political backdrop for the entire early section of 2 Kings.
2 Kings 1:2

וַיִּפֹּ֨ל אֲחַזְיָ֜ה בְּעַ֣ד הַשְּׂבָכָ֗ה בַּעֲלִיָּתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּשֹׁמְר֔וֹן וַיָּ֑חַל וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מַלְאָכִ֗ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ לְכ֣וּ דִרְשׁ֗וּ בְּבַ֤עַל זְבוּב֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י עֶקְר֔וֹן אִם־אֶחְיֶ֖ה מֵחֳלִ֥י זֶֽה׃

Ahaziah fell through the lattice of his upper room in Samaria and was injured. He sent messengers, telling them, "Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I will recover from this injury."

KJV And Ahaziah fell down through a lattice in his upper chamber that was in Samaria, and was sick: and he sent messengers, and said unto them, Go, enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron whether I shall recover of this disease.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

בַּעַל זְבוּב ba'al zevuv
"Baal-zebub" — lord of flies; likely a mockery of Ba'al Zevul (lord of the exalted dwelling)

The Hebrew form 'lord of flies' is a contemptuous wordplay on the deity's actual title. By distorting the name, the biblical writer signals that this 'god' is associated with filth and decay rather than with any exalted dwelling.

Translator Notes

  1. The sevakhah ('lattice') was a wooden screen or railing on an upper-story window or opening. Falling through it suggests it was either poorly maintained or Ahaziah leaned against it. The name Ba'al Zevuv ('lord of flies') is almost certainly a deliberate Hebrew distortion of Ba'al Zevul ('Baal the Prince' or 'lord of the exalted dwelling'). Ekron was one of the five major Philistine cities. The verb va-yachal ('he became sick, was injured') indicates the fall was serious enough to confine him to bed.
2 Kings 1:3

וּמַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה דִּבֶּר֙ אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֣ה הַתִּשְׁבִּ֔י ק֣וּם עֲלֵ֔ה לִקְרַ֕את מַלְאֲכֵ֥י מֶלֶךְ־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן וְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתֶּ֣ם הֹלְכִ֔ים לִדְרֹ֕שׁ בְּבַ֥עַל זְב֖וּב אֱלֹהֵ֥י עֶקְרֽוֹן׃

But the angel of the LORD said to Elijah the Tishbite, "Get up, go to meet the messengers of the king of Samaria and say to them: Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron?"

KJV But the angel of the LORD said to Elijah the Tishbite, Arise, go up to meet the messengers of the king of Samaria, and say unto them, Is it not because there is not a God in Israel, that ye go to enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron?

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

נָבִיא navi
"prophet" — prophet, spokesperson, one who speaks on behalf of God

Elijah is not called navi here but functions as one — the angel of the LORD gives him a message to deliver. The prophetic role in this chapter is defined by interception: Elijah meets the king's messengers before they reach Ekron, blocking the idolatrous inquiry.

Translator Notes

  1. The rhetorical question ha-mibeli ein Elohim be-Yisrael ('is it from the lack — is there no God in Israel?') is devastating in its simplicity. It does not argue for God's superiority over Baal-zebub; it implies that consulting a foreign god is equivalent to declaring that the LORD does not exist. Elijah the Tishbite re-enters the narrative as the LORD's agent of confrontation, just as he was at Carmel.
2 Kings 1:4

וְלָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הַמִּטָּ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלִ֥יתָ שָּׁ֖ם לֹא־תֵרֵ֣ד מִמֶּ֑נָּה כִּי־מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ אֵלִיָּֽה׃

Therefore, this is what the LORD says: You will not come down from the bed you have gone up on — you will certainly die." And Elijah went.

KJV Now therefore thus saith the LORD, Thou shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. And Elijah departed.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The death sentence uses the emphatic mot tamut ('dying you will die'), the same intensified construction used in the Eden warning (Genesis 2:17). The bed from which Ahaziah will not come down stands in ironic contrast to the lattice through which he fell down — his fall brought him to a bed that becomes his deathbed. Elijah departs without waiting for a response; the prophetic word is delivered and requires no negotiation.
2 Kings 1:5

וַיָּשׁ֥וּבוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֵלָ֑יו וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מַה־זֶּ֥ה שַׁבְתֶּֽם׃

The messengers returned to Ahaziah, and he asked them, "Why have you come back?"

KJV And when the messengers turned back unto him, he said unto them, Why are ye now turned back?

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Ahaziah's question mah zeh shavtem ('what is this — you have returned?') reveals his surprise. The messengers were supposed to travel to Ekron, a considerable journey. Their premature return signals that something has interrupted the mission.
2 Kings 1:6

וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו אִ֣ישׁ עָלָ֤ה לִקְרָאתֵ֙נוּ֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֵ֔ינוּ לְכ֣וּ שׁ֔וּבוּ אֶל־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח אֶתְכֶ֖ם וְדִבַּרְתֶּ֣ם אֵלָ֑יו כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֡ה הַֽמִבְּלִי֩ אֵין־אֱלֹהִ֨ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אַתָּ֣ה שֹׁלֵ֗חַ לִדְרֹ֛שׁ בְּבַ֥עַל זְב֖וּב אֱלֹהֵ֣י עֶקְר֔וֹן לָכֵ֗ן הַמִּטָּ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלִ֥יתָ שָּׁ֖ם לֹא־תֵרֵ֣ד מִמֶּ֑נָּה כִּי־מ֖וֹת תָּמֽוּת׃

They told him, "A man came up to meet us and said, 'Go back to the king who sent you and tell him: This is what the LORD says — Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are sending to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore you will not come down from the bed you have gone up on. You will certainly die.'"

KJV And they said unto him, There came a man up to meet us, and said unto us, Go, turn again unto the king that sent you, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Is it not because there is not a God in Israel, that thou sendest to enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron? therefore thou shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The messengers relay the oracle in full, repeating both the rhetorical question and the death sentence. The second-person singular 'you are sending' (attah sholeach) shifts the accusation from the messengers collectively (verse 3) to the king personally. The prophetic word reaches Ahaziah despite his attempt to bypass the LORD.
2 Kings 1:7

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם מָ֚ה מִשְׁפַּ֣ט הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלָ֖ה לִקְרַאתְכֶ֑ם וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃

He asked them, "What sort of man was it who came up to meet you and spoke these words to you?"

KJV And he said unto them, What manner of man was he which came up to meet you, and told you these words?

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Ahaziah asks mah mishpat ha-ish ('what was the manner/appearance of the man?'). The word mishpat here means 'manner, custom, characteristic appearance' rather than its more common sense of 'judgment.' The king is trying to identify the prophet by description.
2 Kings 1:8

וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו אִ֤ישׁ בַּ֙עַל֙ שֵׂעָ֔ר וְאֵז֥וֹר ע֖וֹר אָז֣וּר בְּמׇתְנָ֑יו וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֵלִיָּ֥ה הַתִּשְׁבִּ֖י הֽוּא׃

They answered, "A man wearing a garment of hair, with a leather belt strapped around his waist." He said, "That is Elijah the Tishbite."

KJV And they answered him, He was an hairy man, and girt with a girdle of leather about his loins. And he said, It is Elijah the Tishbite.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The description ish ba'al se'ar ('a man who is a master of hair' or 'a hairy man') likely refers to a hairy garment or cloak rather than bodily hairiness — this is the prophetic mantle that becomes central in chapter 2. The leather belt (ezor or) around his waist completes the ascetic prophet's appearance. Ahaziah recognizes Elijah immediately from this description, indicating Elijah's reputation and distinctive appearance were well known. John the Baptist later adopts this same clothing (Matthew 3:4), deliberately evoking Elijah.
2 Kings 1:9

וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח אֵלָ֗יו שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁים֙ וַחֲמִשָּׁ֔יו וַיַּ֣עַל אֵלָ֔יו וְהִנֵּ֛ה יֹשֵׁ֥ב עַל־רֹ֖אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו אִ֤ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דִּבֶּ֔ר רְדָֽה׃

The king sent a captain of fifty with his fifty soldiers to Elijah. The captain went up to him — he was sitting on top of a hill — and said to him, "Man of God, the king has spoken: come down."

KJV Then the king sent unto him a captain of fifty with his fifty. And he went up to him: and, behold, he sat on the top of an hill. And he spake unto him, Thou man of God, the king hath said, Come down.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The captain's command redah ('come down!') is an order, not a request. He calls Elijah ish ha-Elohim ('man of God') but the title functions as a form of address rather than an expression of reverence — he is identifying Elijah's role in order to command him. The king's authority is invoked: ha-melekh dibber ('the king has spoken'). The confrontation is between royal power and prophetic authority: can the king command a man of God?
2 Kings 1:10

וַיַּעֲנֶ֤ה אֵלִיָּה֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־שַׂ֣ר הַחֲמִשִּׁ֔ים וְאִם־אִ֤ישׁ אֱלֹהִים֙ אָ֔נִי תֵּ֤רֶד אֵשׁ֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְתֹאכַ֥ל אֹתְךָ֖ וְאֶת־חֲמִשֶּׁ֑יךָ וַתֵּ֤רֶד אֵשׁ֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַתֹּ֥אכַל אֹת֖וֹ וְאֶת־חֲמִשָּֽׁיו׃

Elijah answered the captain of fifty, "If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty." Fire came down from heaven and consumed him and his fifty.

KJV And Elijah answered and said to the captain of fifty, If I be a man of God, then let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And there came down fire from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The conditional im ('if') does not express Elijah's doubt about his own identity but creates a theological syllogism: if I am what you called me, then the God I serve will validate it. The fire from heaven echoes 1 Kings 18:38 (Carmel) and anticipates the fire motif that runs through Elijah's narrative. The verb va-tokhal ('and it consumed') indicates total destruction.
2 Kings 1:11

וַיָּ֗שׇׁב וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֵלָיו֙ שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַחֵ֔ר וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑יו וַיַּ֗עַן וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מְהֵרָ֖ה רְדָֽה׃

The king sent another captain of fifty with his fifty soldiers. This one said to Elijah, "Man of God, this is what the king says: come down at once!"

KJV Again also he sent unto him another captain of fifty with his fifty. And he answered and said unto him, O man of God, thus hath the king said, Come down quickly.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The second captain adds meherah ('quickly, at once') to the command — escalating the urgency and the arrogance. Despite the destruction of the first group, the second captain approaches with the same presumption that royal authority overrides prophetic authority. The repetition of the same command despite the previous result reveals the stubbornness of the royal house.
2 Kings 1:12

וַיַּ֤עַן אֵלִיָּה֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אִם־אִ֤ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים֙ אָ֔נִי תֵּ֤רֶד אֵשׁ֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְתֹאכַ֥ל אוֹתְךָ֖ וְאֶת־חֲמִשֶּׁ֑יךָ וַתֵּ֤רֶד אֵשׁ֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַתֹּ֥אכַל אֹת֖וֹ וְאֶת־חֲמִשָּֽׁיו׃

Elijah answered them, "If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty." The fire of God came down from heaven and consumed him and his fifty.

KJV And Elijah answered and said unto them, If I be a man of God, let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And the fire of God came down from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. This time the text specifies esh Elohim ('fire of God') rather than simply esh ('fire'), making the divine origin explicit. The exact repetition of the pattern — command, conditional response, fire — creates the narrative rhythm that makes the third encounter's variation all the more striking.
2 Kings 1:13

וַיָּ֗שׇׁב וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים שְׁלִשִׁים֙ וַחֲמִשָּׁ֔יו וַיַּ֗עַל וַיָּבֹא֙ שַׂר־הַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י וַיִּכְרַ֥ע עַל־בִּרְכָּ֖יו לְנֶ֣גֶד אֵלִיָּ֑ה וַיִּתְחַנֵּ֤ן אֵלָיו֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו אִ֤ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים֙ תִּ֣יקַר־נָ֣א נַפְשִׁ֗י וְנֶ֜פֶשׁ עֲבָדֶ֤יךָ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֔ים בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃

He sent a third captain of fifty with his fifty soldiers. The third captain went up, fell on his knees before Elijah, and pleaded with him: "Man of God, please — let my life and the lives of these fifty servants of yours be precious in your eyes."

KJV And he sent again a captain of the third fifty with his fifty. And the third captain of fifty went up, and came and fell on his knees before Elijah, and besought him, and said unto him, O man of God, I pray thee, let my life, and the life of these fifty thy servants, be precious in thy sight.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The third captain breaks the deadly pattern. He uses the same title ish ha-Elohim ('man of God') but with entirely different posture — on his knees, pleading (va-yitchannen, from the root chanan, 'to show grace, to plead for grace'). His request tiqar na nafshi ('let my life be precious, valued') acknowledges that his life depends on the prophet's favor, not the king's authority. He calls his soldiers avadekha ('your servants'), transferring allegiance from the king to the prophet.
2 Kings 1:14

הִנֵּ֣ה יָרְדָ֣ה אֵ֣שׁ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֡יִם וַתֹּ֣אכַל אֶת־שְׁנֵי֩ שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים הָרִאשֹׁנִים֙ וְאֶת־חֲמִשֵּׁיהֶ֔ם וְעַתָּ֕ה תִּ֥יקַר נַפְשִׁ֖י בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃

"Fire has already come down from heaven and consumed the first two captains of fifty with their men. Now let my life be precious in your eyes."

KJV Behold, there came fire down from heaven, and burnt up the two captains of the former fifties with their fifties: therefore let my life now be precious in thy sight.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The third captain presents evidence: he knows what happened to his predecessors. His plea is informed by observation — he has learned from the deaths of the first hundred soldiers that approaching with arrogance is fatal. His humility is practical as well as spiritual: he has assessed the situation and concluded that the prophet's authority outranks the king's.
2 Kings 1:15

וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔ה רֵ֥ד אוֹת֖וֹ אַל־תִּירָ֣א מִפָּנָ֑יו וַיָּ֕קׇם וַיֵּ֥רֶד אִתּ֖וֹ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃

The angel of the LORD said to Elijah, "Go down with him. Do not be afraid of him." So Elijah got up and went down with the captain to the king.

KJV And the angel of the LORD said unto Elijah, Go down with him: be not afraid of him. And he arose, and went down with him unto the king.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The angel's command red oto al tira mipanav ('go down with him, do not fear from before him') reveals that Elijah's position on the hilltop was not merely geographical but defensive — he remained on high ground where royal soldiers had to come to him. Now that the third captain has shown proper humility, Elijah can descend safely. The assurance 'do not be afraid' suggests real physical danger — Ahaziah might still attempt to harm the prophet.
2 Kings 1:16

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֣חְתָּ מַלְאָכִ֗ים לִדְרֹ֞שׁ בְּבַ֤עַל זְבוּב֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י עֶקְר֔וֹן הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִדְרֹ֖שׁ בִּדְבָר֑וֹ לָכֵ֗ן הַמִּטָּ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלִ֥יתָ שָּׁ֖ם לֹא־תֵרֵ֥ד מִמֶּ֛נָּה כִּי־מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת׃

Elijah said to him, "This is what the LORD says: Because you sent messengers to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron — is it because there is no God in Israel whose word you could seek? — therefore you will not come down from the bed you have gone up on. You will certainly die."

KJV And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Forasmuch as thou hast sent messengers to enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron, is it not because there is not a God in Israel to enquire of his word? therefore thou shalt not come down off that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The third and final delivery of the oracle is spoken face to face to the king. This version adds a crucial phrase: lidrosh bidvaro ('to inquire of His word'). The issue is not merely the existence of a God in Israel but the availability of His word — the LORD has a word to give, and Ahaziah refused to seek it. The face-to-face delivery ensures the king cannot claim ignorance. Elijah delivers the sentence directly, fulfilling his prophetic commission completely.
2 Kings 1:17

וַיָּ֜מׇת כִּדְבַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלִיָּ֔ה וַיִּמְלֹ֤ךְ יְהוֹרָם֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שְׁתַּ֔יִם לִיהוֹרָ֥ם בֶּן־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה כִּ֛י לֹא־הָ֥יָה ל֖וֹ בֵּֽן׃

So Ahaziah died, according to the word of the LORD that Elijah had spoken. Jehoram reigned in his place in the second year of Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, because Ahaziah had no son.

KJV So he died according to the word of the LORD which Elijah had spoken. And Jehoram reigned in his stead in the second year of Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah; because he had no son.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The death formula va-yamat kidvar YHWH asher dibber Eliyahu ('he died according to the word of the LORD that Elijah spoke') makes the theological point explicit: the king died not from the fall but from the prophetic sentence. The succession passes to Jehoram (Ahaziah's brother) because Ahaziah had no son — the dynasty continues but through a lateral move. The synchronism with Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat in Judah creates some chronological complexity that scholars continue to debate.
2 Kings 1:18

וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י אֲחַזְיָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

The rest of the acts of Ahaziah and what he accomplished — are they not written in the Book of the Annals of the Kings of Israel?

KJV Now the rest of the acts of Ahaziah which he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The standard closing formula for a king's reign directs the reader to the sefer divrei ha-yamim le-malkhei Yisrael ('Book of the Annals/Chronicles of the Kings of Israel'), a now-lost royal record. The formula is brief and contains no evaluation — Ahaziah's evil was already established in 1 Kings 22:52-53. His reign receives minimal coverage: a fall, a failed inquiry, a confrontation with Elijah, and death.
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