1 Chronicles / Chapter 28

1 Chronicles 28

21 verses • Westminster Leningrad Codex

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

David assembles all the officials of Israel in Jerusalem — the tribal chiefs, divisional commanders, estate managers, officers, mighty men, and all men of ability. He stands and addresses them, recounting how he wanted to build a house of rest for the ark of the covenant, the footstool of God, and had made preparations, but God told him he could not build because he was a man of war who had shed blood. Yet God chose him out of all his father's house to be king over Israel forever, and from among his sons chose Solomon to sit on the throne of the kingdom of the LORD. God promised to establish Solomon's kingdom forever if he is faithful to keep the commandments. David charges Solomon before all Israel to know the God of his father and serve him with a whole heart and a willing mind. He then gives Solomon the blueprint — the tavnit — for the Temple: the porch, the houses, the treasuries, the upper rooms, the inner chambers, and the room for the mercy seat. David provides the plan for the courts, the surrounding chambers, the treasuries of the house of God, the priestly and Levitical divisions, and the weight of gold and silver for every vessel of service. He specifies the weight of gold for the golden lampstands and their lamps, the silver for the silver lampstands, the gold for the tables of showbread, the gold for the forks, basins, and cups, and the refined gold for the altar of incense. Finally, he gives the design for the chariot — the cherubim of gold that spread their wings and cover the ark of the covenant. David declares that all this came to him in writing from the hand of the LORD, who gave him understanding of every detail of the blueprint. He charges Solomon: 'Be strong, be courageous, act! Do not be afraid or dismayed, for the LORD God, my God, is with you. He will not fail you or forsake you until all the work for the service of the house of the LORD is finished.'

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

This chapter contains one of the most theologically significant moments in Chronicles: the transmission of the tavnit (blueprint, pattern, model) from David to Solomon. The word tavnit appears four times (vv. 11, 12, 18, 19) and is the same term used for the tabernacle design given to Moses on Sinai (Exodus 25:9, 40). David does not design the Temple — he receives its pattern by divine revelation, exactly as Moses received the tabernacle pattern. This places the Temple blueprint on the same plane of authority as the Sinai revelation. In verse 19, David says explicitly: 'All this — the LORD made me understand in writing from his hand — all the works of the blueprint.' The Hebrew hakkol bi-khtav mi-yad YHWH alai hiskil ('all of it in writing from the hand of the LORD upon me he gave understanding') claims written divine revelation for the Temple plans. The Temple is not a human architectural achievement but a heavenly pattern transmitted through a prophet-king. David's charge to Solomon in verse 20 — 'Be strong, be courageous, act!' — echoes God's charge to Joshua (Joshua 1:6-9), making Solomon a new Joshua and the Temple-building a new conquest.

Translation Friction

The claim of written divine revelation for the Temple plans (v. 19) is unique to Chronicles and has no parallel in Samuel-Kings. Whether this means David received a literal written document (like the tablets of the law) or received understanding that he then wrote down is debated. The phrase bi-khtav mi-yad YHWH can mean 'in writing from the hand of the LORD' or 'in a writing, the hand of the LORD upon me gave understanding' — the syntax is ambiguous. The detailed weight specifications for gold and silver vessels (vv. 14-18) may reflect post-exilic Temple practice retroactively attributed to David's plans. The 'chariot of the cherubim' (merkavah, v. 18) is a term not used elsewhere for the Temple cherubim and may reflect Ezekiel's vision of the divine chariot (Ezekiel 1, 10) — a fascinating potential link between David's Temple plans and Ezekiel's mystical vision.

Connections

The tavnit parallel to Exodus 25:9, 40 is the chapter's central intertextual link — Moses received the tabernacle pattern on Sinai, David receives the Temple pattern in Jerusalem. Both structures are copies of a heavenly original. The charge to Solomon ('Be strong and courageous,' v. 20) quotes Deuteronomy 31:6-8 and Joshua 1:6-9 verbatim. David's statement that God chose Solomon to sit al kiseh malkhut YHWH ('on the throne of the kingdom of the LORD,' v. 5) makes Israel's monarchy explicitly theocratic — the king sits on God's throne, not his own. The phrase 'footstool of our God' (v. 2) for the ark connects to Psalm 99:5, 132:7 and Isaiah 66:1. The merkavah ('chariot') of the cherubim (v. 18) becomes the foundation of Jewish mystical tradition (ma'aseh merkavah), connecting Temple architecture to visionary theology.

1 Chronicles 28:1

וַיַּקְהֵ֣ל דָּוִ֣יד אֶת־כׇּל־שָׂרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל שָׂרֵ֣י הַשְּׁבָטִ֣ים וְשָׂרֵ֣י הַמַּחְלְקוֹת֩ הַמְשָׁרְתִ֨ים אֶת־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וְשָׂרֵ֣י הָאֲלָפִ֣ים וְשָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֗וֹת וְשָׂרֵ֣י כׇל־רְכ֤וּשׁ וּמִקְנֶה֙ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וּלְבָנָ֔יו עִם־הַסָּרִיסִ֥ים וְהַגִּבּוֹרִ֖ים וּלְכׇל־גִּבּ֥וֹר חָֽיִל׃

David assembled all the officials of Israel in Jerusalem — the tribal chiefs, the divisional commanders who served the king, the commanders of thousands and hundreds, the stewards of all the property and livestock of the king and his sons, together with the court officials, the mighty warriors, and every man of ability.

KJV And David assembled all the princes of Israel, the princes of the tribes, and the captains of the companies that ministered to the king by course, and the captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds, and the stewards over all the substance and possession of the king, and of his sons, with the officers, and with the mighty men, and with all the valiant men, unto Jerusalem.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The scope of the assembly is comprehensive — every category of leadership from chapters 23-27 is now gathered: tribal chiefs (ch. 27), divisional commanders (ch. 27), the officers, the gibborim ('mighty warriors,' ch. 11), and kol gibbor chayil ('every man of ability'). David has organized the entire infrastructure; now he addresses them as a single body for the final charge.
1 Chronicles 28:2

וַיָּ֨קׇם דָּוִ֤יד הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר שְׁמָע֨וּנִי אַחַ֤י וְעַמִּי֙ אֲנִ֣י עִם־לְבָבִ֗י לִבְנ֨וֹת בֵּ֤ית מְנוּחָה֙ לַאֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֗ה וְלַהֲדֹם֙ רַגְלֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וַהֲכִינ֖וֹתִי לִבְנֽוֹת׃

King David rose to his feet and said, 'Hear me, my brothers and my people. It was in my heart to build a house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, for the footstool of our God, and I made preparations to build.

KJV Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building:

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

בְּרִית berit
"covenant" — covenant, treaty, agreement, binding obligation, pact

berit here modifies the ark — aron berit YHWH ('the ark of the covenant of the LORD'). The Temple exists to house the covenant. Every architectural detail serves this single purpose: to provide a permanent dwelling for the tablets of the agreement between God and Israel.

Translator Notes

  1. The word menuchah ('rest') echoes the theology of Psalm 132:8, 14 ('Arise, O LORD, to your resting place') and 23:25 where David says God has given rest to his people. The hadom raglayim ('footstool') image appears also in Psalm 99:5 and Isaiah 66:1, where heaven is God's throne and earth his footstool.
1 Chronicles 28:3

וְהָאֱלֹהִ֞ים אָ֤מַר לִי֙ לֹא־תִבְנֶ֣ה בַ֔יִת לִשְׁמִ֑י כִּ֗י אִ֤ישׁ מִלְחָמוֹת֙ אַ֔תָּה וְדָמִ֖ים שָׁפָֽכְתָּ׃

But God said to me, 'You shall not build a house for my name, for you are a man of war and have shed blood.'

KJV But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name: for thou art a man of war, and hast shed blood.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The reason David cannot build — ish milchamot attah ve-damim shafakhta ('you are a man of wars and have shed blood') — is unique to Chronicles (compare 22:8). The Samuel-Kings account gives a different reason: the Temple will be built by the next generation (2 Samuel 7:12-13). The Chronicler's version makes the prohibition about moral disqualification: the hands that shed blood cannot build the house of peace. This creates a theological necessity for Solomon, whose name means 'peace.'
1 Chronicles 28:4

וַיִּבְחַ֣ר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל בִּי֩ מִכֹּ֨ל בֵּ֧ית אָבִ֛י לִהְי֥וֹת לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל לְעוֹלָ֑ם כִּ֣י בִ֠יהוּדָ֠ה בָּחַ֨ר לְנָגִ֜יד וּבְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָה֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔י וּבִבְנֵ֣י אָבִ֔י בִּ֣י רָצָ֔ה לְהַמְלִ֖יךְ עַל־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Yet the LORD, the God of Israel, chose me out of all my father's house to be king over Israel forever. For he chose Judah as leader, and within the house of Judah, my father's house, and among my father's sons, he was pleased to make me king over all Israel.

KJV Howbeit the LORD God of Israel chose me before all the house of my father to be the king over Israel for ever: for he hath chosen Judah to be the ruler; and of the house of Judah, the house of my father; and among the sons of my father he liked me to make me king over all Israel:

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

עוֹלָם olam
"forever" — forever, perpetuity, ancient time, the distant horizon of time

olam here qualifies the Davidic kingship — le-melekh al Yisra'el le-olam ('to be king over Israel forever'). This claim grounds the messianic hope: if David's throne is forever, then it must outlast any particular king's death or even the nation's exile.

Translator Notes

  1. David traces a narrowing sequence of divine election: Israel to Judah, Judah to Jesse's house, Jesse's sons to David. Each step is bachar ('he chose') — active divine selection. The phrase le-olam ('forever') frames the Davidic monarchy as an eternal institution, grounded in the covenant of 2 Samuel 7 / 1 Chronicles 17.
1 Chronicles 28:5

וּמִכׇּל־בָּנַ֗י כִּ֣י רַבִּ֤ים בָּנִים֙ נָ֣תַן לִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּבְחַר֙ בִּשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנִ֔י לָשֶׁ֗בֶת עַל־כִּסֵּ֛א מַלְכ֥וּת יְהוָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

And from all my sons — for the LORD gave me many sons — he chose Solomon my son to sit on the throne of the kingdom of the LORD over Israel.

KJV And of all my sons, (for the LORD hath given me many sons,) he hath chosen Solomon my son to sit upon the throne of the kingdom of the LORD over Israel.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The election narrows further: among David's many sons, God chose Solomon. The phrase kiseh malkhut YHWH ('throne of the kingdom of the LORD') is remarkable — it is not David's throne or Solomon's throne but the LORD's throne. The Israelite king is a viceroy, sitting on God's own seat of governance. This theocratic language is distinctive to Chronicles.
1 Chronicles 28:6

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לִ֗י שְׁלֹמֹ֤ה בִנְךָ֙ הֽוּא־יִבְנֶ֣ה בֵיתִ֔י וַחֲצֵרוֹתָ֑י כִּי בָחַ֨רְתִּי ב֥וֹ לִ֛י לְבֵ֖ן וַאֲנִ֥י אֶהְיֶה־לּ֖וֹ לְאָֽב׃

He said to me, 'Solomon your son — he will build my house and my courts, for I have chosen him as my son, and I will be a father to him.

KJV And he said unto me, Solomon thy son, he shall build my house and my courts: for I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. God's declaration bacharti vo li le-ven ('I have chosen him as my son') and va-ani ehyeh lo le-av ('I will be a father to him') recites the adoption formula from the Davidic covenant (2 Samuel 7:14, 1 Chronicles 17:13). The father-son language defines the covenant relationship between God and the king — the king is God's adopted son, and God exercises paternal authority over the dynasty.
1 Chronicles 28:7

וַהֲכִינוֹתִ֥י אֶת־מַלְכוּת֖וֹ עַד־לְעוֹלָ֑ם אִם־יֶחֱזַ֗ק לַעֲשׂ֛וֹת מִצְוֹתַ֥י וּמִשְׁפָּטַ֖י כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃

I will establish his kingdom forever, if he holds firm to carry out my commandments and my judgments, as he does today.'

KJV Moreover I will establish his kingdom for ever, if he be constant to do my commandments and my judgments, as at this day.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The conditional im ('if') introduces a critical qualification: the eternal kingdom is contingent on faithfulness. This conditionality creates the theological tension that drives the rest of Chronicles — every subsequent king will be measured against this standard. The phrase ka-yom ha-zeh ('as at this day') implies Solomon is currently obedient, but the conditional framing warns that continuation is not guaranteed.
1 Chronicles 28:8

וְ֠עַתָּ֠ה לְעֵינֵ֨י כׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל קְהַל־יְהוָה֙ וּבְאׇזְנֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ שִׁמְר֣וּ וְדִרְשׁ֔וּ כׇּל־מִצְוֹ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם לְמַ֤עַן תִּֽירְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה וְהִנְחַלְתֶּ֛ם לִבְנֵיכֶ֥ם אַחֲרֵיכֶ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃

Now therefore, in the sight of all Israel — the assembly of the LORD — and in the hearing of our God: observe and seek out all the commandments of the LORD your God, so that you may possess this good land and leave it as an inheritance for your children after you forever.

KJV Now therefore in the sight of all Israel the congregation of the LORD, and in the audience of our God, keep and seek for all the commandments of the LORD your God: that ye may possess this good land, and leave it for an inheritance for your children after you for ever.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. David shifts from narrative to exhortation, addressing the assembly as qehal YHWH ('the congregation of the LORD') — a term for Israel assembled in sacred convocation. The charge to shimru ve-dirshu ('observe and seek') pairs obedience (keeping) with inquiry (seeking) — faithfulness requires both following known commands and actively pursuing understanding. The promise of land inheritance le-olam ('forever') is Deuteronomic language (Deuteronomy 4:40, 11:21).
1 Chronicles 28:9

וְאַתָּ֣ה שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנִ֡י דַּע֩ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֨י אָבִ֜יךָ וְעׇבְדֵ֗הוּ בְּלֵ֤ב שָׁלֵם֙ וּבְנֶ֣פֶשׁ חֲפֵצָ֔ה כִּ֤י כׇל־לְבָבוֹת֙ דּוֹרֵ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה וְכׇל־יֵ֥צֶר מַחֲשָׁב֖וֹת מֵבִ֑ין אִֽם־תִּדְרְשֶׁ֙נּוּ֙ יִמָּ֣צֵא לָ֔ךְ וְאִם־תַּעַזְבֶ֖נּוּ יַזְנִיחֲךָ֥ לָעַֽד׃

And you, Solomon my son — know the God of your father and serve him with a whole heart and a willing mind, for the LORD searches every heart and understands every inclination of the thoughts. If you seek him, he will be found by you; but if you forsake him, he will reject you forever.

KJV And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the God of thy father, and serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind: for the LORD searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the imaginations of the thoughts: if thou seek him, he will be found of thee; but if thou forsake him, he will cast thee off for ever.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The word chafetsah ('willing, desiring, delighting') indicates that God wants not forced compliance but genuine desire. The verb zanach ('to reject, to cast off') in the warning clause is severe — la-ad ('forever') means permanent rejection. This is David's most urgent theological statement to his son.
1 Chronicles 28:10

רְאֵ֣ה עַתָּ֔ה כִּֽי יְהוָ֖ה בָּ֣חַר בְּךָ֑ לִבְנֽוֹת־בַּ֥יִת לַמִּקְדָּ֖שׁ חֲזַ֥ק וַעֲשֵֽׂה׃

See now that the LORD has chosen you to build a house for the sanctuary. Be strong and act!

KJV Take heed now; for the LORD hath chosen thee to build an house for the sanctuary: be strong, and do it.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The imperative re'eh ('see, take heed') demands clear-eyed recognition of the calling. The final charge — chazaq va-aseh ('be strong and act/do it') — is terse and commanding. It echoes Joshua 1:6-9 and anticipates the fuller charge in verse 20. The verb aseh ('act, do, make') turns courage into concrete action — strength without doing is insufficient.
1 Chronicles 28:11

וַיִּתֵּ֣ן דָּוִיד֮ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנוֹ֒ אֶת־תַּבְנִ֣ית הָאוּלָ֗ם וְאֶת־בָּ֨תָּ֤יו וְאֶת־גַּנְזַכָּיו֙ וְאֶת־עֲלִיֹּתָ֔יו וְאֶת־חֲדָרָ֥יו הַפְּנִימִ֖ים וּבֵ֥ית הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃

David gave Solomon his son the blueprint for the porch, its buildings, its treasuries, its upper rooms, its inner chambers, and the room for the mercy seat.

KJV Then David gave to Solomon his son the pattern of the porch, and of the houses thereof, and of the treasuries thereof, and of the upper chambers thereof, and of the inner parlours thereof, and of the place of the mercy seat,

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

תַּבְנִית tavnit
"blueprint" — pattern, model, form, likeness, blueprint, architectural plan

tavnit (from banah, 'to build') — the same word used for the tabernacle design revealed to Moses on Sinai (Exodus 25:9, 40). By using this term, the Chronicler claims the Temple design has the same divine origin as the tabernacle. The Temple is not a human innovation but a heavenly pattern transmitted to David.

Translator Notes

  1. The word tavnit ('blueprint, pattern, model') is the critical term. David hands over a comprehensive architectural plan: the ulam ('porch/vestibule'), the battim ('houses/rooms'), the ganzakkayim ('treasuries'), the aliyyot ('upper chambers'), the chadarim ha-penimim ('inner rooms'), and the beit ha-kapporet ('room of the mercy seat/atonement cover'). The kapporet is the gold cover of the ark where God's presence dwells (Exodus 25:17-22).
1 Chronicles 28:12

וְתַבְנִ֗ית כֹּל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֤ה בָר֙וּחַ֙ עִמּ֔וֹ לְחַצְר֤וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָה֙ וּלְכׇל־הַלְּשָׁכ֣וֹת סָבִ֔יב לְאֹצְר֥וֹת בֵּ֖ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וּלְאֹצְר֖וֹת הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃

He gave the blueprint for everything that the Spirit had given him: the courts of the house of the LORD, all the surrounding chambers, the treasuries of the house of God, and the treasuries of the dedicated things,

KJV And the pattern of all that he had by the spirit, of the courts of the house of the LORD, and of all the chambers round about, of the treasuries of the house of God, and of the treasuries of the dedicated things:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The phrase kol asher hayah ba-ruach immo ('all that was in/by the spirit with him') indicates divine inspiration — the ruach ('spirit') that gave David the design may be God's Spirit or the prophetic spirit working through David. The tavnit extends beyond the building itself to the chatserot ('courts'), leshakhot ('chambers'), and both categories of treasury (operational and dedicated, as established in 26:20-28).
1 Chronicles 28:13

וּלְמַחְלְק֤וֹת הַכֹּהֲנִים֙ וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם וּלְכׇל־מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבוֹדַ֣ת בֵּית־יְהוָ֑ה וּלְכׇ֨ל כְּלֵ֔י עֲבוֹדַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃

and for the divisions of the priests, and the Levites,, and for all the work of service in the house of the LORD,, and for all the vessels of service in the house of the LORD.

KJV Also for the courses of the priests and the Levites, and for all the work of the service of the house of the LORD, and for all the vessels of service in the house of the LORD.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The blueprint encompasses not only architecture but personnel (priestly and Levitical divisions) and equipment (vessels of service). The design is comprehensive — it organizes space, people, and objects into a unified system of worship. Everything the Chronicler has detailed in chapters 23-27 is part of the divinely revealed pattern.
1 Chronicles 28:14

לַזָּהָ֤ב בַּמִּשְׁקָל֙ לַזָּהָ֔ב לְכׇ֨ל כְּלֵ֔י עֲבוֹדָ֖ה וַעֲבוֹדָ֑ה לְכֹל֙ כְּלֵ֣י הַכֶּ֔סֶף בְּמִשְׁקָ֕ל לְכׇ֨ל כְּלֵ֔י עֲבוֹדָ֖ה וַעֲבוֹדָֽה׃

He specified the weight of gold for all the gold vessels for each kind of service, and the weight of silver for all the silver vessels for each kind of service.

KJV He gave of gold by weight for things of gold, for all instruments of all manner of service; silver also for all instruments of silver by weight, for all instruments of every kind of service:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. David does not merely say 'make gold vessels' — he specifies ba-mishqal ('by weight') for every item. The precision reflects the sacred nature of the materials: nothing is left to approximation when building for God. The phrase avodah va-avodah ('service and service,' i.e., 'each kind of service') indicates different liturgical functions require vessels of specific weight and composition.
1 Chronicles 28:15

וּמִשְׁקָ֞ל לִמְנֹר֤וֹת הַזָּהָב֙ וְנֵרֹתֵיהֶ֣ם זָהָ֔ב בְּמִשְׁקַל־מְנוֹרָ֥ה וּמְנוֹרָ֖ה וְנֵרֹתֶ֑יהָ וְלִמְנֹר֨וֹת הַכֶּ֜סֶף בְּמִשְׁקָ֧ל לִמְנוֹרָ֛ה וְנֵרֹתֶ֖יהָ כַּעֲבוֹדַ֥ת מְנוֹרָֽה וּמְנוֹרָֽה׃

He specified the weight for the golden lampstands and their golden lamps — the weight for each lampstand and its lamps — and for the silver lampstands, the weight for each lampstand and its lamps, according to the function of each.

KJV Even the weight for the candlesticks of gold, and for their lamps of gold, by weight for every candlestick, and for the lamps thereof: and for the candlesticks of silver by weight, both for the candlestick, and also for the lamps thereof, according to the use of every candlestick.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The menorot (plural of menorah, 'lampstands') are specified in both gold and silver, with weight for each lampstand and its nerot ('lamps'). The plural indicates multiple lampstands, unlike the single menorah of the tabernacle (Exodus 25:31-40). Solomon's Temple had ten golden lampstands (2 Chronicles 4:7). The weight specification for each one individually — menorah u-menorah ('lampstand by lampstand') — shows meticulous itemization.
1 Chronicles 28:16

וְאֶת־הַזָּהָ֥ב מִשְׁקָ֛ל לְשֻׁלְחֲנ֥וֹת הַמַּעֲרָ֖כֶת לְשֻׁלְחַ֣ן וְשֻׁלְחָ֑ן וְכֶ֖סֶף לְשֻׁלְחֲנ֥וֹת הַכָּֽסֶף׃

He specified the weight of gold for the tables of showbread — for each table — and silver for the silver tables.

KJV And by weight he gave gold for the tables of shewbread, for every table; and likewise silver for the tables of silver:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The shulchanot ha-ma'arakhet ('tables of the arrangement/showbread') hold the twelve loaves that represent Israel's tribes before God continuously (Leviticus 24:5-9). Multiple tables — le-shulchan ve-shulchan ('for table and table') — again exceed the single table of the tabernacle. The specification of both gold and silver tables suggests different grades of furnishing for different functions.
1 Chronicles 28:17

וְהַמִּזְלָג֧וֹת וְהַמִּזְרָק֛וֹת וְהַקְּשָׂו֖ת זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וְלִכְפוֹרֵ֤י הַזָּהָב֙ בְּמִשְׁקָ֔ל לִכְפ֣וֹר וּכְפ֔וֹר וְלִכְפוֹרֵ֥י הַכֶּ֖סֶף בְּמִשְׁקָ֥ל לִכְפ֥וֹר וּכְפֽוֹר׃

He specified pure gold for the forks, the bowls, and the cups, and for the golden basins — the weight for each basin — and for the silver basins, the weight for each basin.

KJV Also pure gold for the fleshhooks, and the bowls, and the cups: and for the golden basons he gave gold by weight for every bason; and likewise silver by weight for every bason of silver:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The smaller implements are specified: mizlagot ('forks' for handling sacrificial meat), mizraqot ('sprinkling bowls'), and qesavot ('cups'). The keforim ('basins') receive individual weight specifications — li-khefor u-khefor ('for basin and basin'). Even the humblest utensil in the divine pattern has its precise weight assigned.
1 Chronicles 28:18

וּלְמִזְבַּ֧ח הַקְּטֹ֛רֶת זָהָ֥ב מְזֻקָּ֖ק בַּמִּשְׁקָ֑ל וּלְתַבְנִ֣ית הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֗ה הַכְּרֻבִ֤ים זָהָב֙ לְפֹ֣רְשִׂ֔ים וְסֹכְכִ֖ים עַל־אֲר֥וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָֽה׃

He specified the weight of refined gold for the altar of incense, and gold for the design of the chariot — the cherubim that spread their wings and covered the ark of the covenant of the LORD.

KJV And for the altar of incense refined gold by weight; and gold for the pattern of the chariot of the cherubims, that spread out their wings, and covered the ark of the covenant of the LORD.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

תַּבְנִית tavnit
"design" — pattern, model, form, likeness, blueprint, architectural plan

tavnit here applies specifically to the merkavah — the chariot-cherubim over the ark. The most sacred object in the Temple has its own divinely revealed design, distinct from the broader architectural blueprint. The pattern comes from heaven because the cherubim-chariot represents the heavenly reality that the Temple mirrors.

Translator Notes

  1. The word merkavah appears nowhere else in connection with the Temple cherubim. Its use here creates a theological link between the Temple's Holy of Holies and Ezekiel's vision of God riding on the cherubim-chariot (Ezekiel 1:4-28, 10:1-22). The phrase le-forshim ve-sokhkhim al aron berit YHWH ('spreading out and covering the ark of the covenant of the LORD') describes the cherubim's dual action: wings extended and wings forming a protective canopy.
1 Chronicles 28:19

הַכֹּ֥ל בִּכְתָ֛ב מִיַּ֥ד יְהוָ֖ה עָלַ֣י הִשְׂכִּ֑יל כֹּ֖ל מַלְאֲכ֥וֹת הַתַּבְנִֽית׃

David said, 'All this the LORD made me understand in writing from his hand — all the works of the blueprint.'

KJV All this, said David, the LORD made me understand in writing by his hand upon me, even all the works of this pattern.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

תַּבְנִית tavnit
"blueprint" — pattern, model, form, likeness, blueprint, architectural plan

tavnit appears here for the fourth and final time in this chapter (vv. 11, 12, 18, 19). Its repetition frames the entire Temple design as a single divinely revealed pattern. Like the tabernacle tavnit given to Moses (Exodus 25:9), the Temple tavnit is received, not invented.

Translator Notes

  1. The syntax is disputed: does bi-khtav modify the manner of revelation ('in writing') or the product ('in a document')? Either way, the claim is extraordinary — the Temple plans have the same revelatory authority as the Torah itself. This is the strongest claim for written divine revelation outside the Sinai narrative.
1 Chronicles 28:20

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֗וֹ חֲזַ֤ק וֶאֱמַץ֙ וַעֲשֵׂ֔ה אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֱלֹהַי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֤א יַרְפְּךָ֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעַזְבֶ֔ךָּ עַד־לִכְל֕וֹת כׇּל־מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבוֹדַ֥ת בֵּ֖ית יְהוָֽה׃

David said to Solomon his son, 'Be strong, be courageous, and act! Do not be afraid or dismayed, for the LORD God — my God — is with you. He will not let you go or forsake you until every work of service for the house of the LORD is finished.

KJV And David said to Solomon his son, Be strong and of good courage, and do it: fear not, nor be dismayed: for the LORD God, even my God, will be with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee, until thou hast finished all the work for the service of the house of the LORD.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The threefold imperative — chazaq ('be strong'), emats ('be courageous'), aseh ('act') — combines internal disposition with external action. Strength and courage without doing is inertia; doing without strength and courage is recklessness. The promise that God lo yarpekha ve-lo ya'azvekka ('will not let you go or forsake you') is also quoted in Hebrews 13:5 as applicable to all believers.
1 Chronicles 28:21

וְהִנֵּ֞ה מַחְלְק֤וֹת הַכֹּהֲנִים֙ וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם לְכׇ֨ל עֲבוֹדַ֔ת בֵּ֖ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְעִמְּךָ֤ בְכׇל־מְלָאכָה֙ לְכׇל־נָדִ֣יב בְּחׇכְמָ֔ה לְכׇ֨ל עֲבוֹדָ֔ה וְהַשָּׂרִ֥ים וְכׇל־הָעָ֖ם לְכׇל־דְּבָרֶֽיךָ׃

The divisions of the priests and Levites are ready for every service of the house of God. With you for every kind of work are willing men skilled in every craft for every task. The officials and all the people are entirely at your command.'

KJV And, behold, the courses of the priests and the Levites, even they shall be with thee for all the service of the house of God: and there shall be with thee for all manner of workmanship every willing skilful man, for any manner of service: also the princes and all the people will be wholly at thy commandment.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. David's final assurance is practical: Solomon is not alone. The priestly and Levitical divisions (chapters 23-26) are organized. Skilled artisans (kol nadiv be-chokhmah, 'every willing person with skill/wisdom') are available. The officials (sarim) and the entire people (kol ha-am) are le-khol devarekha ('at your every word/command'). The infrastructure is built, the personnel are trained, the support is total. All Solomon needs to do is begin.
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